Too many of our learning objectives are knowledge based, skill based.
We should be thinking more in terms of capacities.
In a sense this is reflected in our modes of assessment which can tend to summative; testing for absorption of what has been taught, rather than formative ... understanding assessed work as part of the advancement of learning.
On crucial way of supporting this is to start to think of the aim of the class, its structure and its assessments as being the production by the student of a question for themselves; a carefully researched and formulated problematic that they craft themselves and that can sustain their interest of a far longer period than the duration of the course itself.